Washington Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the primary reason that even strong disinfectants will not kill certain microorganisms?

1. Viruses are resistant to disinfectants

2. Bacterial spores

3. Fungi have protective spores

4. Parasites are not affected by chemicals

The correct answer is: Bacterial spores

Bacterial spores are exceptionally resilient and can survive extreme conditions that would typically destroy other types of microorganisms, including viruses and fungi. Spores are a dormant form of bacteria that can withstand harsh environments such as heat, drying, and the presence of disinfectants. This ability to enter a dormant state allows them to endure until they find favorable conditions to reactivate and multiply. Even strong disinfectants, which are effective against many pathogens, may not penetrate the tough outer layer of bacterial spores. Therefore, while disinfectants can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, their efficacy is often limited when it comes to spores. This characteristic makes bacterial spores a significant concern in infection control and hygiene practices in settings such as salons and spas.